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GKK > SEC Filings for GKK > Form 10-Q on 9-May-2008All Recent SEC Filings

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Form 10-Q for GRAMERCY CAPITAL CORP


9-May-2008

Quarterly Report


ITEM 2: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Amounts in thousands, except for share and per share amounts)

Overview

Gramercy Capital Corp. is a commercial real estate specialty finance company that focuses on the direct origination and acquisition of whole loans, subordinate interests in whole loans, mezzanine loans, preferred equity, and net lease investments involving commercial properties throughout the United States. We have also established a real estate securities business that focuses on the acquisition, trading and financing of commercial mortgage backed securities, or CMBS, and other real estate related securities. When evaluating transactions, we assess our risk-adjusted return and target transactions with yields that seek to provide excess returns for the risks being taken. We conduct substantially all of our operations through our operating partnership, GKK Capital LP, or our Operating Partnership. We are externally managed and advised by GKK Manager LLC, or our Manager, a majority-owned subsidiary of SL Green Realty Corp. (NYSE:
SLG), or SL Green. We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code and generally will not be subject to federal income taxes to the extent we distribute our income to our stockholders. We have in the past established, and may in the future establish, taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs, to effect various taxable transactions. Those TRSs would incur federal, state and local taxes on the taxable income from their activities. Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to "we," "our" and "us" mean Gramercy Capital Corp.

In each financing transaction we undertake, we seek to control as much of the capital structure as possible in order to be able to identify and retain that portion that provides the best risk-adjusted returns. This is generally achieved through the direct origination of whole loans, the ownership of which permits a wide variety of financing, syndication, and securitization executions to achieve excess returns for the risks being taken. By providing a single source of financing for developers and sponsors, we streamline the lending process, provide greater certainty for borrowers, and retain the high yield debt instruments that we manufacture. By originating, rather than buying, whole loans, subordinate interests in whole loans, mezzanine debt and preferred equity, we strive to deliver superior returns to our stockholders.

Since our inception, we have completed transactions in a variety of markets and secured by a variety of property types. Until recently, the market for commercial real estate debt exhibited high relative returns and significant inflows of capital. Commercial real estate debt has continued to demonstrate low rates of default in comparison with historical levels. However, this may change as the credit markets become increasingly illiquid, or as the economy slows. Consequently, the market for debt instruments had for several years until recently evidenced declining yields and more flexible credit standards and loan structures. In particular, "conduit" originators who packaged whole loans for resale to investors drove debt yields lower while maintaining substantial liquidity because of the then-strong demand for the resulting securities. Because of reduced profits in the most liquid sectors of the mortgage finance business, several large institutions began originating large bridge loans for the purpose of generating interest income, rather than the typical focus on trading profits. In response to those developments, we have focused on areas where we have comparative advantages rather than competing for product merely on the basis of yield or structure. This has particularly included whole loan origination in markets and transactions where we have an advantage due to
(i) knowledge or relationships we have, (ii) knowledge or relationships of our largest stockholder, SL Green, and (iii) where we have an ability to better assess and manage risks over time. When considering investment opportunities in secondary market transactions in tranched debt, we often avoid first loss risk in larger transactions due to the high recent valuations of the underlying real estate relative to historic valuation levels. Because of the significant increase in the value of institutional quality assets relative to historic norms, we focus on positions in which a property sale or conventional refinancing at loan maturity would provide for a complete return of our investment.

We have carefully managed our exposure to interest rate changes that could affect our liquidity. We generally match our assets and liabilities in terms of base interest rate (generally one-month LIBOR) and, to the extent possible, expected duration. We have raised liabilities and equity in several different capital markets to improve the diversity of our funding sources, maintain liquidity, and achieve our match-funding objectives. We have been active in the equity and debt markets since 2004 to take advantage of cost effective sources of capital, maintain liquidity and attractively finance our business. The proceeds of these offerings were used to fund loan acquisitions and originations, repay outstanding principal amounts under our repurchase facilities or unsecured revolving credit facilities, and for general corporate purposes. In addition, we have an unsecured credit facility which was increased in June 2007 to $175,000 from $100,000 and its term was extended to June 2010. The facility is available for funding investments and general corporate purposes.

On April 1, 2008 we completed the acquisition of American Financial Realty Trust (NYSE: AFR), or American Financial, in a transaction with a total value of approximately $3.3 billion, including the assumption of approximately $1.3 billion of American Financials secured debt. The acquisition combines the existing operating platforms of American Financial and our company, creates


an integrated commercial real estate finance and operating company, and transforms us from a pure specialty finance company into a $7.5 billion diversified enterprise with complementary business lines consisting of commercial real estate finance and property investments. As a result of the acquisition, we have added approximately 29.2 million square feet of commercial real estate in 38 states and the District of Columbia to our $4.1 billion of loans and other lending investments, CMBS, net lease properties and other assets.

Each common share of beneficial interest of American Financial was converted into the right to receive approximately $5.50 in cash, additional cash consideration in an amount equal to approximately $0.2419 in cash resulting from our $2.00 per share special dividend declared in December 2007 and paid in January 2008, and 0.12096 of a share of our common stock. The cash consideration was not increased in respect of any additional value payment described in the merger agreement. Upon closing, American Financial's stockholders own approximately 31% of our outstanding shares.

As of March 31, 2007, we held loans and other lending investments of $3,389,832 net of fees, discounts, and unfunded commitments with an average spread to LIBOR of 407 basis points for our floating rate investments and an average yield of 6.95% for our fixed rate investments. As of March 31, 2008, we also held interests in three credit tenant net lease investments, or CTL investments, two interests in fee positions on properties subject to long-term ground leases and a 100% fee interest in a property subject to a long-term ground lease.

The aggregate carrying values, allocated by product type and weighted average coupons of our loans and other lending investments and CMBS as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were as follows:

                                                                                      Floating Rate:
                                                 Allocation by        Fixed Rate:     Average Spread
                      Carrying Value (1)        Investment Type      Average Yield    over LIBOR (2)
                      2008          2007        2008       2007      2008     2007    2008     2007
Whole loans,                                                                            337      332
floating rate      $ 1,565,300   $ 1,594,338        61 %       60 %      -        -     bps      bps
Whole loans,
fixed rate             155,250       204,192         6 %        8 %   7.15 %   7.79 %     -        -
Subordinate
interests in
whole loans,                                                                            471      447
floating rate          142,917       146,901         6 %        6 %      -        -     bps      bps
Subordinate
interests in
whole loans,
fixed rate              43,314        61,890         2 %        2 %   8.31 %   8.78 %     -        -
Mezzanine loans,                                                                        603      607
floating rate          411,757       413,813        16 %       16 %      -        -     bps      bps
Mezzanine loans,
fixed rate             223,504       203,753         9 %        8 %   8.99 %   8.91 %     -        -
Preferred
equity, fixed
rate                    11,868        11,858         -          -    10.09 %  10.09 %     -        -
Subtotal/                                                                               398      395
Weighted average   $ 2,553,910   $ 2,636,745       100 %      100 %   8.30 %   8.45 %   bps      bps

CMBS, floating                                                                          783      593
rate                    54,261        23,817         7 %        3 %      -        -     bps      bps
CMBS, fixed rate       781,661       768,166        93 %       97 %   6.21 %   6.13 %     -        -
Subtotal/                                                                               783      593
Weighted average       835,922       791,983       100 %      100 %   6.21 %   6.13 %   bps      bps

Total                                                                                   407      397
                   $ 3,389,832   $ 3,428,728       100 %      100 %   6.95 %   7.02 %   bps      bps



(1) Loan and other lending investments are presented after scheduled amortization payments and prepayments, and are net of unamortized fees, discounts, asset sales and unfunded commitments.

(2) Spreads over an index other than LIBOR have been adjusted to a LIBOR based equivalent.

The following discussion related to our consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements appearing in item 1 of this quarterly report on form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, known as GAAP. These accounting principles require us to make some complex and subjective decisions and assessments. Our most critical accounting policies involve decisions and assessments, which could significantly affect our reported assets, liabilities and contingencies, as well as our reported


revenues and expenses. We believe that all of the decisions and assessments upon which our financial statements are based were reasonable at the time made based upon information available to us at that time. We evaluate these decisions and assessments on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We have identified our most critical accounting policies to be the following:

Variable Interest Entities

Our ownership of the subordinated classes of CMBS from a single issuer may provide us with the right to control the foreclosure/workout process on the underlying loans. There are certain exceptions to the scope of FIN 46R, one of which provides that an investor that holds a variable interest in a qualifying special-purpose entity, or QSPE, does not consolidate that entity unless the investor has the unilateral ability to cause the entity to liquidate. FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 140, or SFAS 140, "Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities," provides the requirements for an entity to qualify as a QSPE. To maintain the QSPE exception, the special-purpose entity must initially meet the QSPE criteria and must continue to satisfy such criteria in subsequent periods. A special-purpose entity's QSPE status can be affected in future periods by activities by its transferors or other involved parties, including the manner in which certain servicing activities are performed. To the extent that our CMBS investments were issued by a special-purpose entity that meets the QSPE requirements, we record those investments at the purchase price paid. To the extent the underlying special-purpose entities do not satisfy the QSPE requirements, we follow the guidance set forth in FIN 46R as the special-purpose entities would be determined to be VIEs.

We have analyzed the pooling and servicing agreements governing each of our controlling class CMBS investments and we believe that the terms of those agreements conform to industry standards and are consistent with the QSPE criteria. However, there is uncertainty with respect to QSPE treatment due to ongoing review by accounting standard setters, potential actions by various parties involved with the QSPE (discussed in the paragraph above), as well as varying and evolving interpretations of the QSPE criteria under SFAS 140. Additionally, the standard setters continue to review the FIN 46R provisions related to the computations used to determine the primary beneficiary of a VIE.

At March 31, 2008, we owned securities of three controlling class CMBS trusts with a carrying value of $38,508. The total par amounts of CMBS issued by the three CMBS trusts was $921,654. Using the fair value approach to calculate expected losses or residual returns, we have concluded that we would not be the primary beneficiary of any of the underlying special-purpose entities. At March 31, 2008, our maximum exposure to loss as a result of its investment in these QSPEs totaled $38,508, which equals the book value of these investments as of March 31, 2008.

The financing structures that we offer to the borrowers on certain of our real estate loans involve the creation of entities that could be deemed VIEs and therefore, could be subject to FIN 46R. Our management has evaluated these entities and has concluded that none of such entities are VIEs that are subject to the consolidation rules of FIN 46R.

Loans and Investments and Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for investment are intended to be held to maturity and, accordingly, are carried at cost, net of unamortized loan origination fees, discounts, repayments, sales of partial interests in loans, and unfunded commitments unless such loan or investment is deemed to be impaired. Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market value using available market information obtained through consultation with dealers or other originators of such investments. We may originate or acquire preferred equity interests that allow it to participate in a percentage of the underlying property's cash flows from operations and proceeds from a sale or refinancing. Should we make such a preferred equity investment, we must determine whether that investment should be accounted for as a loan, joint venture or as an interest in real estate.

Specific valuation allowances are established for possible loan losses based on the fair value of collateral on an individual loan basis and the consideration of guarantees or other recourse. The fair value of the collateral is determined by selecting the most appropriate valuation methodology, or methodologies, among several generally available and accepted in the commercial real estate industry. The determination of the most appropriate valuation methodology is based on the key characteristics of the collateral type. These methodologies include the evaluation of operating cash flow from the property during the projected holding period, and the estimated sales value of the collateral computed by applying an expected capitalization rate to the stabilized net operating income of the specific property, less selling costs, all of which are discounted at market discount rates. Because the determination of estimated value is based upon projections of future economic events, which are inherently subjective, amounts ultimately realized from loans and investments may differ materially from the carrying value at the balance sheet date.


If upon completion of the valuation, the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral securing the loan is less than the net carrying value of the loan, an allowance is created with a corresponding charge to the provision for possible loan losses. The allowance for each loan is maintained at a level we believe is adequate to absorb probable losses. Impairment losses are recognized as a direct write-down of the loan investment with a corresponding charge-off to the allowance. We maintained a reserve of $16,658 and $8,658 at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. There were no charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2008. During the year ended December 31, 2007, charge-offs totaled $3,200.

Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities

We designate our CMBS investments pursuant to FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115, or SFAS 115, on the date of acquisition of the investment. Held to maturity investments are stated at cost plus the amortization of any premiums or discounts and any premiums or discounts are amortized through the consolidated statements of income using the level yield method. CMBS securities that we do not hold for the purpose of selling them in the near-term but may dispose of prior to maturity, are designated as available-for-sale and are carried at estimated fair value with the net unrealized gains or losses recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders equity. Unrealized losses on securities that in the judgment of management are other than temporary are charged against earnings as a loss on the income statement. In November 2007, subsequent to financing our CMBS investments in our CDOs, we redesignated all of our available-for-sale CMBS investments with a book value of approximately $43.6 million to held to maturity. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the unrealized loss on the redesignated CMBS investments included in other comprehensive income was $5,428 and $5,575, respectively.

We account for CMBS (other than those of high credit quality or sufficiently collateralized to ensure that the possibility of credit loss is remote) under Emerging Issues Task Force 99-20, "Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Purchased and Retained Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets," or EITF 99-20. Accordingly, on a quarterly basis, when significant changes in estimated cash flows from the cash flows previously estimated occur due to actual prepayment and credit loss experience, and the present value of the revised cash flow is less then the present value previously estimated, an other then temporary impairment is deemed to have occurred. The security is written down to fair value with the resulting change against earnings and a new cost basis is established. We calculate a revised yield based on the current amortized cost of the investment (including any other-than-temporary impairments recognized to date) and the revised yield is then applied prospectively to recognize interest income.

We determine the fair value of CMBS based on the types of securities in which we have invested. For liquid, investment-grade securities, we consult with dealers of such securities to periodically obtain updated market pricing for the same or similar instruments. For non-investment grade securities, we actively monitor the performance of the underlying properties and loans and update our pricing model to reflect changes in projected cash flows. The value of the securities is derived by applying discount rates to such cash flows based on current market yields. The yields employed are obtained from our own experience in the market, advice from dealers and/or information obtained in consultation with other investors in similar instruments. Because fair value estimates may vary to some degree, we must make certain judgments and assumptions about the appropriate price to use to calculate the fair values for financial reporting purposes. Different judgments and assumptions could result in different presentations of value.

In accordance with SFAS 115, when the estimated fair value of the security classified as available-for-sale has been below amortized cost for a significant period of time and we conclude that we no longer have the ability or intent to hold the security for the period of time over which we expect the values to recover to amortized cost, the investment is written down to its fair value, and this loss is realized and charged against earnings. The determination of other than temporary impairment is a subjective process, and different judgments and assumptions could affect the timing of loss realization.

Credit Tenant Lease Investments

Consolidated CTL investments are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Costs directly related to the acquisition of such investments are capitalized. Certain improvements are capitalized when they are determined to increase the useful life of the building. Capitalized items are depreciated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the useful lives of the capitalized item or 40 years for buildings or facilities, the remaining life of the facility for facility improvements, four to seven years for personal property and equipment, and the shorter of the remaining lease term or the expected life for tenant improvements.

Results of operations of properties acquired are included in the Statement of Income from the date of acquisition.


In accordance with FASB No. 144, or SFAS 144, "Accounting for the Impairment of Disposal of Long-Lived Assets," a property to be disposed of is reported at the lower of its carrying amount or its estimated fair value, less its cost to sell. Once an asset is held for sale, depreciation expense and straight-line rent adjustments are no longer recorded and historic results are reclassified as Discontinued Operations.

In accordance with FASB No. 141, or SFAS 141, "Business Combinations," we allocate the purchase price of real estate to land and building and, if determined to be material, intangibles, such as the value of above, below and at-market leases and origination costs associated with the in-place leases. We depreciate the amount allocated to building and other intangible assets over their estimated useful lives, which generally range from three to 40 years. The values of the above and below-market leases are amortized and recorded as either an increase (in the case of below-market leases) or a decrease (in the case of above-market leases) to rental income over the remaining term of the associated lease. The value associated with in-place leases and tenant relationships are amortized over the expected term of the relationship, which includes an estimated probability of the lease renewal, and its estimated term. If a tenant vacates its space prior to the contractual termination of the lease and no rental payments are being made on the lease, any unamortized balance of the related intangible will be written off. The tenant improvements and origination costs are amortized as an expense over the remaining life of the lease (or charged against earnings if the lease is terminated prior to its contractual expiration date). We assess fair value of the leases based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known trends, and market/economic conditions that may affect the property.

Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

We account for our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures under the equity method of accounting since we exercise significant influence, but do not unilaterally control, the entities and are not considered to be the primary beneficiary under FIN 46. In the joint ventures, the rights of the other investor are protective and participating. Unless we are determined to be the primary beneficiary, these rights preclude us from consolidating the investments. The investments are recorded initially at cost as an investment in unconsolidated joint ventures, and subsequently are adjusted for equity in net income (loss) and cash contributions and distributions. Any difference between the carrying amount of the investments on our balance sheet and the underlying equity in net assets is amortized as an adjustment to equity in net income
(loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures over the lesser of the joint venture term or 40 years. None of the joint venture debt is recourse to us. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had investments of $53,066 and $49,440 in unconsolidated joint ventures, respectively.

Revenue Recognition

Interest income on debt investments is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method and recognized on the accrual basis. Fees received in connection with loan commitments are deferred until the loan is funded and are then recognized over the term of the loan using the effective interest method. Anticipated exit fees, whose collection is expected, are also recognized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to yield. Fees on commitments that expire unused are recognized at expiration. Fees received in exchange for the credit enhancement of another lender, either subordinate or senior to us, in the form of a guarantee are recognized over the term of that guarantee using the straight-line method.

Income recognition is generally suspended for debt investments at the earlier of the date at which payments become 90 days past due or when, in our opinion, a full recovery of income and principal becomes doubtful. Income recognition is resumed when the loan becomes contractually current and performance is demonstrated to be resumed.

We designate loans as non-performing at such time as: (1) the loan becomes 90 days delinquent or (2) the loan has a maturity default. All non-performing loans are placed on non-accrual status and income is recognized only upon actual cash receipt. At March 31, 2008, we had one first mortgage loan with a carrying value of $10,411 and one 40% participation interest in a first mortgage loan with a carrying value of $21,000 which were classified as non-performing loans. At December 31, 2007, we had one non-performing loan with a carrying value of $29,058 which was subsequently repaid in full on March 14, 2008, along with accrued interest and substantially all other fees and charges due.

We classify loans as sub-performing if they are not performing in accordance with their terms, in all material respects, but they do not qualify as non-performing loans. The specific facts and circumstances of these loans may cause them to become non-performing loans should certain events occur. At March 31, 2008, two first mortgage loans with a total carrying value of $69,755,


one second lien loan with a carrying value of $45,000 and one third lien loan . . .

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